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Epidemiology and aetiology of heart failure
#MMPMID26935038
Ziaeian B
; Fonarow GC
Nat Rev Cardiol
2016[Jun]; 13
(6
): 368-78
PMID26935038
show ga
Heart failure (HF) is a rapidly growing public health issue with an estimated
prevalence of >37.7 million individuals globally. HF is a shared chronic phase of
cardiac functional impairment secondary to many aetiologies, and patients with HF
experience numerous symptoms that affect their quality of life, including
dyspnoea, fatigue, poor exercise tolerance, and fluid retention. Although the
underlying causes of HF vary according to sex, age, ethnicity, comorbidities, and
environment, the majority of cases remain preventable. HF is associated with
increased morbidity and mortality, and confers a substantial burden to the
health-care system. HF is a leading cause of hospitalization among adults and the
elderly. In the USA, the total medical costs for patients with HF are expected to
rise from US$20.9 billion in 2012 to $53.1 billion by 2030. Improvements in the
medical management of risk factors and HF have stabilized the incidence of this
disease in many countries. In this Review, we provide an overview of the latest
epidemiological data on HF, and propose future directions for reducing the
ever-increasing HF burden.
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