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2016 ; 7
(4
): 513-523
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Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: Approach to diagnosis and management
#MMPMID27867684
Abou Rached A
; El Hajj W
World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther
2016[Nov]; 7
(4
): 513-523
PMID27867684
show ga
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is a rare and benign inflammatory disorder
that predominantly affects the stomach and the small intestine. The disease is
divided into three subtypes (mucosal, muscular and serosal) according to klein's
classification, and its manifestations are protean, depending on the involved
intestinal segments and layers. Hence, accurate diagnosis of EGE poses a
significant challenge to clinicians, with evidence of the following three
criteria required: Suspicious clinical symptoms, histologic evidence of
eosinophilic infiltration in the bowel and exclusion of other pathologies with
similar findings. In this review, we designed and applied an algorithm to clarify
the steps to follow for diagnosis of EGE in clinical practice. The management of
EGE represents another area of debate. Prednisone remains the mainstay of
treatment; however the disease is recognized as a chronic disorder and one that
most frequently follows a relapsing course that requires maintenance therapy.
Since prolonged steroid treatment carries of risk of serious adverse effects,
other options with better safety profiles have been proposed; these include
budesonide, dietary restrictions and steroid-sparing agents, such as leukotriene
inhibitors, azathioprine, anti-histamines and mast-cell stabilizers. Single cases
or small case series have been reported in the literature for all of these
options, and we provide in this review a summary of these various therapeutic
modalities, placing them within the context of our novel algorithm for EGE
management according to disease severity upon presentation.