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2014 ; 289
(44
): 30229-30236
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Enzyme promiscuity: engine of evolutionary innovation
#MMPMID25210039
Pandya C
; Farelli JD
; Dunaway-Mariano D
; Allen KN
J Biol Chem
2014[Oct]; 289
(44
): 30229-30236
PMID25210039
show ga
Catalytic promiscuity and substrate ambiguity are keys to evolvability, which in
turn is pivotal to the successful acquisition of novel biological functions.
Action on multiple substrates (substrate ambiguity) can be harnessed for
performance of functions in the cell that supersede catalysis of a single
metabolite. These functions include proofreading, scavenging of nutrients,
removal of antimetabolites, balancing of metabolite pools, and establishing
system redundancy. In this review, we present examples of enzymes that perform
these cellular roles by leveraging substrate ambiguity and then present the
structural features that support both specificity and ambiguity. We focus on the
phosphatases of the haloalkanoate dehalogenase superfamily and the thioesterases
of the hotdog fold superfamily.