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2014 ; 5
(6
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
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English Wikipedia
Enterococci and Their Interactions with the Intestinal Microbiome
#MMPMID29125098
Dubin K
; Pamer EG
Microbiol Spectr
2014[Nov]; 5
(6
): ä PMID29125098
show ga
The Enterococcus genus comprises over 50 species that live as commensal bacteria
in the gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of insects, birds, reptiles, and mammals.
Named "entero" to emphasize their intestinal habitat, Enterococcus faecalis and
Enterococcus faecium were first isolated in the early 1900s and are the most
abundant species of this genus found in the human fecal microbiota. In the past 3
decades, enterococci have developed increased resistance to several classes of
antibiotics and emerged as a prevalent causative agent of health care-related
infections. In U.S. hospitals, antibiotic use has increased the transmission of
multidrug-resistant enterococci. Antibiotic treatment depletes broad communities
of commensal microbes from the GI tract, allowing resistant enterococci to
densely colonize the gut. The reestablishment of a diverse intestinal microbiota
is an emerging approach to combat infections caused by antibiotic-resistant
bacteria in the GI tract. Because enterococci exist as commensals, modifying the
intestinal microbiome to eliminate enterococcal clinical pathogens poses a
challenge. To better understand how enterococci exist as both commensals and
pathogens, in this article we discuss their clinical importance, antibiotic
resistance, diversity in genomic composition and habitats, and interaction with
the intestinal microbiome that may be used to prevent clinical infection.