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2017 ; 4
(ä): 19
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Enhancing Human Cognition with Cocoa Flavonoids
#MMPMID28560212
Socci V
; Tempesta D
; Desideri G
; De Gennaro L
; Ferrara M
Front Nutr
2017[]; 4
(ä): 19
PMID28560212
show ga
Enhancing cognitive abilities has become a fascinating scientific challenge,
recently driven by the interest in preventing age-related cognitive decline and
sustaining normal cognitive performance in response to cognitively demanding
environments. In recent years, cocoa and cocoa-derived products, as a rich source
of flavonoids, mainly the flavanols sub-class, have been clearly shown to exert
cardiovascular benefits. More recently, neuromodulation and neuroprotective
actions have been also suggested. Here, we discuss human studies specifically
aimed at investigating the effects of acute and chronic administration of cocoa
flavanols on different cognitive domains, such as executive functions, attention
and memory. Through a variety of direct and indirect biological actions, in part
still speculative, cocoa and cocoa-derived food have been suggested to possess
the potential to counteract cognitive decline and sustain cognitive abilities,
particularly among patients at risk. Although still at a preliminary stage,
research investigating the relations between cocoa and cognition shows
dose-dependent improvements in general cognition, attention, processing speed,
and working memory. Moreover, cocoa flavanols administration could also enhance
normal cognitive functioning and exert a protective role on cognitive performance
and cardiovascular function specifically impaired by sleep loss, in healthy
subjects. Together, these findings converge at pointing to cocoa as a new
interesting nutraceutical tool to protect human cognition and counteract
different types of cognitive decline, thus encouraging further investigations.
Future research should include complex experimental designs combining
neuroimaging techniques with physiological and behavioral measures to better
elucidate cocoa neuromodulatory properties and directly compare immediate versus
long-lasting cognitive effects.
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