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2014 ; 79-80
(ä): 172-83
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Engineering strategies to mimic the glioblastoma microenvironment
#MMPMID25174308
Rape A
; Ananthanarayanan B
; Kumar S
Adv Drug Deliv Rev
2014[Dec]; 79-80
(ä): 172-83
PMID25174308
show ga
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and deadly brain tumor, with a
mean survival time of only 21months. Despite the dramatic improvements in our
understanding of GBM fueled by recent revolutions in molecular and systems
biology, treatment advances for GBM have progressed inadequately slowly, which is
due in part to the wide cellular and molecular heterogeneity both across tumors
and within a single tumor. Thus, there is increasing clinical interest in
targeting cell-extrinsic factors as way of slowing or halting the progression of
GBM. These cell-extrinsic factors, collectively termed the microenvironment,
include the extracellular matrix, blood vessels, stromal cells that surround
tumor cells, and all associated soluble and scaffold-bound signals. In this
review, we will first describe the regulation of GBM tumors by these
microenvironmental factors. Next, we will discuss the various in vitro approaches
that have been exploited to recapitulate and model the GBM tumor microenvironment
in vitro. We conclude by identifying future challenges and opportunities in this
field, including the development of microenvironmental platforms amenable to
high-throughput discovery and screening. We anticipate that these ongoing efforts
will prove to be valuable both as enabling tools for accelerating our
understanding of microenvironmental regulation in GBM and as foundations for
next-generation molecular screening platforms that may serve as a conceptual
bridge between traditional reductionist systems and animal or clinical studies.