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Endothelial Extracellular Vesicles-Promises and Challenges
#MMPMID28529488
Hromada C
; Mühleder S
; Grillari J
; Redl H
; Holnthoner W
Front Physiol
2017[]; 8
(?): 275
PMID28529488
show ga
Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, microparticles, and apoptotic bodies,
are phospholipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles that have once been considered as cell
debris lacking biological functions. However, they have recently gained immense
interest in the scientific community due to their role in intercellular
communication, immunity, tissue regeneration as well as in the onset, and
progression of various pathologic conditions. Extracellular vesicles of
endothelial origin have been found to play a versatile role in the human body,
since they are on the one hand known to contribute to cardiovascular diseases,
but on the other hand have also been reported to promote endothelial cell
survival. Hence, endothelial extracellular vesicles hold promising therapeutic
potential to be used as a new tool to detect as well as treat a great number of
diseases. This calls for clinically approved, standardized, and efficient
isolation and characterization protocols to harvest and purify endothelial
extracellular vesicles. However, such methods and techniques to fulfill stringent
requirements for clinical trials have yet to be developed or are not harmonized
internationally. In this review, recent advances and challenges in the field of
endothelial extracellular vesicle research are discussed and current problems and
limitations regarding isolation and characterization are pointed out.
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