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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 J+Cardiovasc+Pharmacol
2016 ; 67
(6
): 458-64
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Endothelial Cell Redox Regulation of Ischemic Angiogenesis
#MMPMID26927696
Cohen RA
; Murdoch CE
; Watanabe Y
; Bolotina VM
; Evangelista AM
; Haeussler DJ
; Smith MD
; Mei Y
; Tong X
; Han J
; Behring JB
; Bachschmid MM
; Matsui R
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol
2016[Jun]; 67
(6
): 458-64
PMID26927696
show ga
The endothelium produces and responds to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
(RONS), providing important redox regulation to the cardiovascular system in
physiology and disease. In no other situation are RONS more critical than in the
response to tissue ischemia. Here, tissue healing requires growth factor-mediated
angiogenesis that is in part dependent on low levels of RONS, which paradoxically
must overcome the damaging effects of high levels of RONS generated as a result
of ischemia. Although the generation of endothelial cell RONS in
hypoxia/reoxygenation is acknowledged, the mechanism for their role in
angiogenesis is still poorly understood. During ischemia, the major low molecular
weight thiol glutathione (GSH) reacts with RONS and protein cysteines, producing
GSH-protein adducts. Recent data indicate that GSH adducts on certain proteins
are essential to growth factor responses in endothelial cells. Genetic deletion
of the enzyme glutaredoxin-1, which selectively removes GSH protein adducts,
improves, whereas its overexpression impairs revascularization of the ischemic
hindlimb of mice. Ischemia-induced GSH adducts on specific cysteine residues of
several proteins, including p65 NF-kB and the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium
ATPase 2, evidently promote ischemic angiogenesis. Identifying the specific
proteins in the redox response to ischemia has provided therapeutic opportunities
to improve clinical outcomes of ischemia.