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Endosymbiotic theories for eukaryote origin
#MMPMID26323761
Martin WF
; Garg S
; Zimorski V
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
2015[Sep]; 370
(1678
): 20140330
PMID26323761
show ga
For over 100 years, endosymbiotic theories have figured in thoughts about the
differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. More than 20 different
versions of endosymbiotic theory have been presented in the literature to explain
the origin of eukaryotes and their mitochondria. Very few of those models account
for eukaryotic anaerobes. The role of energy and the energetic constraints that
prokaryotic cell organization placed on evolutionary innovation in cell history
has recently come to bear on endosymbiotic theory. Only cells that possessed
mitochondria had the bioenergetic means to attain eukaryotic cell complexity,
which is why there are no true intermediates in the prokaryote-to-eukaryote
transition. Current versions of endosymbiotic theory have it that the host was an
archaeon (an archaebacterium), not a eukaryote. Hence the evolutionary history
and biology of archaea increasingly comes to bear on eukaryotic origins, more
than ever before. Here, we have compiled a survey of endosymbiotic theories for
the origin of eukaryotes and mitochondria, and for the origin of the eukaryotic
nucleus, summarizing the essentials of each and contrasting some of their
predictions to the observations. A new aspect of endosymbiosis in eukaryote
evolution comes into focus from these considerations: the host for the origin of
plastids was a facultative anaerobe.
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