Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=26468337
&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 215
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\26468337
.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 World+J+Gastrointest+Endosc
2015 ; 7
(14
): 1135-41
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
Twit Text #
English Wikipedia
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-related perforations: Diagnosis
and management
#MMPMID26468337
Vezakis A
; Fragulidis G
; Polydorou A
World J Gastrointest Endosc
2015[Oct]; 7
(14
): 1135-41
PMID26468337
show ga
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has become an important
therapeutic modality for biliary and pancreatic disorders. Perforation is one of
the most feared complications of ERCP and endoscopic sphincterotomy. A MEDLINE
search was performed from 2000-2014 using the keywords "perforation", "ERCP" and
"endoscopic sphincterotomy". All articles including more than nine cases were
reviewed. The incidence of ERCP-related perforations was low (0.39%, 95%CI:
0.34-0.69) with an associated mortality of 7.8% (95%CI: 3.80-13.07). Endoscopic
sphincterotomy was responsible for 41% of perforations, insertion and
manipulations of the endoscope for 26%, guidewires for 15%, dilation of
strictures for 3%, other instruments for 4%, stent insertion or migration for 2%
and in 7% of cases the etiology was unknown. The diagnosis was made during ERCP
in 73% of cases. The mechanism, site and extent of injury, suggested by clinical
and radiographic findings, should guide towards operative or non-operative
management. In type I perforations early surgical repair is indicated, unless
endoscopic closure can be achieved. Patients with type II perforations should be
treated initially non-operatively. Non-operative treatment includes biliary
stenting, fasting, intravenous fluid resuscitation, nasogastric drainage, broad
spectrum antibiotics, percutaneous drainage of fluid collections. Non-operative
treatment was successful in 79% of patients with type II injuries, with an
overall mortality of 9.4%. Non-operative treatment was sufficient in all patients
with type III injuries. Surgical technique depends on timing, site and size of
defect and clinical condition of the patient. In conclusion, diagnosis is based
on clinical suspicion and clinical and radiographic findings. Whilst surgery is
usually indicated in patients with type I injuries, patients with type II or III
injuries should be treated initially non-operatively. A minority of them will
finally require surgical intervention.