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2015 ; 11
(7
): 445-52
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Endoscopic Treatment of Early Cancer of the Colon
#MMPMID27118940
Ribeiro MS
; Wallace MB
Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y)
2015[Jul]; 11
(7
): 445-52
PMID27118940
show ga
Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer diagnosis worldwide and the
second leading cause of cancer death. In the United States, it is estimated that
in 2015 there will be 132,700 new cases of colorectal cancer (representing 8.43%
of all new cancer cases) and 49,700 deaths. Colonoscopy plays a fundamental role
in the prevention and management of colorectal cancer patients and is used for
both the diagnosis and treatment of early colorectal cancer and its precursors.
Improvements in colonoscopy preparation, new techniques of adenoma detection, and
recent progress in endoscopic imaging methods are providing higher-quality
results and reducing the incidence and mortality of the disease. Traditionally,
colonoscopy has been used to remove precursor lesions. Invasive cancer was
treated by surgical resection with or without chemoradiotherapy. During the past
decade, endoscopic resection techniques have advanced, and cancers confined to
the mucosal and superficial submucosal layers can now be resected via flexible
endoscopes. Therefore, it is important to understand the indications and
limitations of endoscopic resection, determine whether the cancer can be
curatively resected, and assess the risk of lymph node metastasis, which
precludes endoscopic treatment.
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