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2015 ; 9
(ä): 169
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Emerging trends in peer review-a survey
#MMPMID26074753
Walker R
; Rocha da Silva P
Front Neurosci
2015[]; 9
(ä): 169
PMID26074753
show ga
"Classical peer review" has been subject to intense criticism for slowing down
the publication process, bias against specific categories of paper and author,
unreliability, inability to detect errors and fraud, unethical practices, and the
lack of recognition for unpaid reviewers. This paper surveys innovative forms of
peer review that attempt to address these issues. Based on an initial literature
review, we construct a sample of 82 channels of scientific communication covering
all forms of review identified by the survey, and analyze the review mechanisms
used by each channel. We identify two major trends: the rapidly expanding role of
preprint servers (e.g., ArXiv) that dispense with traditional peer review
altogether, and the growth of "non-selective review," focusing on papers'
scientific quality rather than their perceived importance and novelty. Other
potentially important developments include forms of "open review," which remove
reviewer anonymity, and interactive review, as well as new mechanisms for
post-publication review and out-of-channel reader commentary, especially critical
commentary targeting high profile papers. One of the strongest findings of the
survey is the persistence of major differences between the peer review processes
used by different disciplines. None of these differences is likely to disappear
in the foreseeable future. The most likely scenario for the coming years is thus
continued diversification, in which different review mechanisms serve different
author, reader, and publisher needs. Relatively little is known about the impact
of these innovations on the problems they address. These are important questions
for future quantitative research.
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