Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=26491270
&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 215
Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\26491270
.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Nanotechnol+Sci+Appl
2015 ; 8
(ä): 31-44
Nephropedia Template TP
Nanotechnol Sci Appl
2015[]; 8
(ä): 31-44
PMID26491270
show ga
To face the challenges of modern health care, new imaging techniques with
subcellular resolution or detection over wide fields are required. Far field
optical nanoscopy presents many new solutions, providing high resolution or
detection at high speed. We present a new classification scheme to help
appreciate the growing number of optical nanoscopy techniques. We underline an
important distinction between superresolution techniques that provide improved
resolving power and nanodetection techniques for characterizing unresolved
nanostructures. Some of the emerging techniques within these two categories are
highlighted with applications in biophysics and medicine. Recent techniques
employing wider angle imaging by digital holography and scattering lens
microscopy allow superresolution to be achieved for subcellular and even in vivo,
imaging without labeling. Nanodetection techniques are divided into four
subcategories using contrast, phase, deconvolution, and nanomarkers. Contrast
enhancement is illustrated by means of a polarized light-based technique and with
strobed phase-contrast microscopy to reveal nanostructures. Very high sensitivity
phase measurement using interference microscopy is shown to provide nanometric
surface roughness measurement or to reveal internal nanometric structures.
Finally, the use of nanomarkers is illustrated with stochastic fluorescence
microscopy for mapping intracellular structures. We also present some of the
future perspectives of optical nanoscopy.