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Emerging Opportunities and Challenges in Cancer Immunotherapy
#MMPMID27084738
Whiteside TL
; Demaria S
; Rodriguez-Ruiz ME
; Zarour HM
; Melero I
Clin Cancer Res
2016[Apr]; 22
(8
): 1845-55
PMID27084738
show ga
Immunotherapy strategies against cancer are emerging as powerful weapons for
treatment of this disease. The success of checkpoint inhibitors against
metastatic melanoma and adoptive T-cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor T
cells against B-cell-derived leukemias and lymphomas are only two examples of
developments that are changing the paradigms of clinical cancer management. These
changes are a result of many years of intense research into complex and
interrelated cellular and molecular mechanisms controling immune responses.
Promising advances come from the discovery of cancer mutation-encoded
neoantigens, improvements in vaccine development, progress in delivery of
cellular therapies, and impressive achievements in biotechnology. As a result,
radical transformation of cancer treatment is taking place in which conventional
cancer treatments are being integrated with immunotherapeutic agents. Many
clinical trials are in progress testing potential synergistic effects of
treatments combining immunotherapy with other therapies. Much remains to be
learned about the selection, delivery, and off-target effects of immunotherapy
used alone or in combination. The existence of numerous escape mechanisms from
the host immune system that human tumors have evolved still is a barrier to
success. Efforts to understand the rules of immune cell dysfunction and of
cancer-associated local and systemic immune suppression are providing new
insights and fuel the enthusiasm for new therapeutic strategies. In the future,
it might be possible to tailor immune therapy for each cancer patient. The use of
new immune biomarkers and the ability to assess responses to therapy by
noninvasive monitoring promise to improve early cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
Personalized immunotherapy based on individual genetic, molecular, and immune
profiling is a potentially achievable future goal. The current excitement for
immunotherapy is justified in view of many existing opportunities for harnessing
the immune system to treat cancer.
|*Immunotherapy
[MESH]
|Animals
[MESH]
|Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology/therapeutic use
[MESH]
|Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use
[MESH]
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