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Emerging Functions of Circular RNAs
#MMPMID28018143
Cortés-López M
; Miura P
Yale J Biol Med
2016[Dec]; 89
(4
): 527-537
PMID28018143
show ga
Many thousands of Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently been identified in
metazoan genomes by transcriptome-wide sequencing. Most circRNAs are generated by
back-splicing events from exons of protein-coding genes. A great deal of progress
has recently been made in understanding the genome-wide expression patterns,
biogenesis, and regulation of circRNAs. To date, however, few functions of
circRNAs have been identified. CircRNAs are preferentially expressed in neural
tissues and some are found at synapses, suggesting possible functions in the
nervous system. Several circRNAs have been shown to function as microRNA
"sponges" to counteract microRNA mediated repression of mRNA. New functions for
circRNAs are arising, including protein sequestration, transcriptional
regulation, and potential functions in cancer. Here, we highlight the recent
progress made in understanding the biogenesis and regulation of circRNAs, discuss
newly uncovered circRNA functions, and explain the methodological approaches that
could reveal more exciting and unexpected roles for these RNAs.