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2016 ; 32
(6
): 407-414
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Embryologic and Fetal Development of the Human Eyelid
#MMPMID27124372
Tawfik HA
; Abdulhafez MH
; Fouad YA
; Dutton JJ
Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg
2016[Nov]; 32
(6
): 407-414
PMID27124372
show ga
PURPOSE: To review the recent data about eyelid morphogenesis, and outline a
timeline for eyelid development from the very early stages during embryonic life
till final maturation of the eyelid late in fetal life. METHODS: The authors
extensively review major studies detailing human embryologic and fetal eyelid
morphogenesis. These studies span almost a century and include some more recent
cadaver studies. Numerous studies in the murine model have helped to better
understand the molecular signals that govern eyelid embryogenesis. The authors
summarize the current findings in molecular biology, and highlight the most
significant studies in mice regarding the multiple and interacting signaling
pathways involved in regulating normal eyelid morphogenesis. RESULTS: Eyelid
morphogenesis involves a succession of subtle yet strictly regulated
morphogenetic episodes of tissue folding, proliferation, contraction, and even
migration, which may occur simultaneously or in succession. CONCLUSIONS:
Understanding the extraordinary process of building eyelid tissue in embryonic
life, and deciphering its underlying signaling machinery has far reaching
clinical implications beyond understanding the developmental abnormalities
involving the eyelids, and may pave the way for achieving scar-reducing therapies
in adult mammalian wounds, or control the spread of malignancies.