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2014 ; 11
(2
): 334-46
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Electrophysiological biomarkers of epilepsy
#MMPMID24519238
Staba RJ
; Stead M
; Worrell GA
Neurotherapeutics
2014[Apr]; 11
(2
): 334-46
PMID24519238
show ga
In patients being evaluated for epilepsy and in animal models of epilepsy,
electrophysiological recordings are carried to capture seizures to determine the
existence of epilepsy. Electroencephalography recordings from the scalp, or
sometimes directly from the brain, are also used to locate brain areas where
seizure begins, and in surgical treatment help plan the area for resection. As
seizures are unpredictable and can occur infrequently, ictal recordings are not
ideal in terms of time, cost, or risk when, for example, determining the efficacy
of existing or new anti-seizure drugs, evaluating potential anti-epileptogenic
interventions, or for prolonged intracerebral electrode studies. Thus, there is a
need to identify and validate other electrophysiological biomarkers of epilepsy
that could be used to diagnose, treat, cure, and prevent epilepsy.
Electroencephalography recordings in the epileptic brain contain other interictal
electrophysiological disturbances that can occur more frequently than seizures,
such as interictal spikes (IIS) and sharp waves, and from invasive studies using
wide bandwidth recording and small diameter electrodes, the discovery of
pathological high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) and microseizures. Of IIS, HFOs,
and microseizures, a significant amount of recent research has focused on HFOs in
the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Results from studies in animals with epilepsy
and presurgical patients have consistently found a strong association between
HFOs and epileptogenic brain tissue that suggest HFOs could be a potential
biomarker of epileptogenicity and epileptogenesis. Here, we discuss several
aspects of HFOs, as well as IIS and microseizures, and the evidence that supports
their role as biomarkers of epilepsy.
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