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2016 ; 79
(9
): 096701
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Electronic approaches to restoration of sight
#MMPMID27502748
Goetz GA
; Palanker DV
Rep Prog Phys
2016[Sep]; 79
(9
): 096701
PMID27502748
show ga
Retinal prostheses are a promising means for restoring sight to patients blinded
by the gradual atrophy of photoreceptors due to retinal degeneration. They are
designed to reintroduce information into the visual system by electrically
stimulating surviving neurons in the retina. This review outlines the concepts
and technologies behind two major approaches to retinal prosthetics: epiretinal
and subretinal. We describe how the visual system responds to electrical
stimulation. We highlight major differences between direct encoding of the
retinal output with epiretinal stimulation, and network-mediated response with
subretinal stimulation. We summarize results of pre-clinical evaluation of
prosthetic visual functions in- and ex vivo, as well as the outcomes of current
clinical trials of various retinal implants. We also briefly review alternative,
non-electronic, approaches to restoration of sight to the blind, and conclude by
suggesting some perspectives for future advancement in the field.
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