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2014 ; 3
(4
): 1163-77
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Effects of Hyponatremia on the Brain
#MMPMID26237597
Giuliani C
; Peri A
J Clin Med
2014[Oct]; 3
(4
): 1163-77
PMID26237597
show ga
Hyponatremia is a very common electrolyte disorder, especially in the elderly,
and is associated with significant morbidity, mortality and disability. In
particular, the consequences of acute hyponatremia on the brain may be severe,
including permanent disability and death. Also chronic hyponatremia can affect
the health status, causing attention deficit, gait instability, increased risk of
falls and fractures, and osteoporosis. Furthermore, an overly rapid correction of
hyponatremia can be associated with irreversible brain damage, which may be the
result of the osmotic demyelination syndrome. This review analyzes the
detrimental consequences of acute and chronic hyponatremia and its inappropriate
correction on the brain and the underlying physiopathological mechanisms, with a
particular attention to the less known in vivo and in vitro effects of chronic
hyponatremia.