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Echocardiographic Assessment of Heart Valve Prostheses
#MMPMID28465917
Sordelli C
; Severino S
; Ascione L
; Coppolino P
; Caso P
J Cardiovasc Echogr
2014[Oct]; 24
(4
): 103-113
PMID28465917
show ga
Patients submitted to valve replacement with mechanical or biological prosthesis,
may present symptoms related either to valvular malfunction or ventricular
dysfunction from other causes. Because a clinical examination is not sufficient
to evaluate a prosthetic valve, several diagnostic methods have been proposed to
assess the functional status of a prosthetic valve. This review provides an
overview of echocardiographic and Doppler techniques useful in evaluation of
prosthetic heart valves. Compared to native valves, echocardiographic evaluation
of prosthetic valves is certainly more complex, both for the examination and the
interpretation. Echocardiography also allows discriminating between intra- and/or
peri-prosthetic regurgitation, present in the majority of mechanical valves.
Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) requires different angles of the probe with
unconventional views. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the method of
choice in presence of technical difficulties. Three-dimensional (3D)-TEE seems to
be superior to 2D-TEE, especially in the assessment of paravalvular leak
regurgitation (PVL) that it provides improved localization and analysis of the
PVL size and shape.
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