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2015 ; 2
(3
): 140369
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Eaten alive: cannibalism is enhanced by parasites
#MMPMID26064614
Bunke M
; Alexander ME
; Dick JT
; Hatcher MJ
; Paterson R
; Dunn AM
R Soc Open Sci
2015[Mar]; 2
(3
): 140369
PMID26064614
show ga
Cannibalism is ubiquitous in nature and especially pervasive in consumers with
stage-specific resource utilization in resource-limited environments. Cannibalism
is thus influential in the structure and functioning of biological communities.
Parasites are also pervasive in nature and, we hypothesize, might affect
cannibalism since infection can alter host foraging behaviour. We investigated
the effects of a common parasite, the microsporidian Pleistophora mulleri, on the
cannibalism rate of its host, the freshwater amphipod Gammarus duebeni celticus.
Parasitic infection increased the rate of cannibalism by adults towards
uninfected juvenile conspecifics, as measured by adult functional responses, that
is, the rate of resource uptake as a function of resource density. This may
reflect the increased metabolic requirements of the host as driven by the
parasite. Furthermore, when presented with a choice, uninfected adults preferred
to cannibalize uninfected rather than infected juvenile conspecifics, probably
reflecting selection pressure to avoid the risk of parasite acquisition. By
contrast, infected adults were indiscriminate with respect to infection status of
their victims, probably owing to metabolic costs of infection and the lack of
risk as the cannibals were already infected. Thus parasitism, by enhancing
cannibalism rates, may have previously unrecognized effects on stage structure
and population dynamics for cannibalistic species and may also act as a selective
pressure leading to changes in resource use.