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2017 ; 15
(7
): 1032-1042
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Dreams and Psychedelics: Neurophenomenological Comparison and Therapeutic
Implications
#MMPMID28625125
Kraehenmann R
Curr Neuropharmacol
2017[]; 15
(7
): 1032-1042
PMID28625125
show ga
BACKGROUND: A resurgence of neurobiological and clinical research is currently
underway into the therapeutic potential of serotonergic or 'classical'
psychedelics, such as the prototypical psychedelic drug lysergic acid
diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,Ndimethyltryptamine), and
ayahuasca - a betacarboline- and dimethyltryptamine (DMT)-containing Amazonian
beverage. The aim of this review is to introduce readers to the similarities and
dissimilarities between psychedelic states and night dreams, and to draw
conclusions related to therapeutic applications of psychedelics in psychiatry.
METHODS: Research literature related to psychedelics and dreaming is reviewed,
and these two states of consciousness are systematically compared. Relevant
conclusions with regard to psychedelicassisted therapy will be provided. RESULTS:
Common features between psychedelic states and night dreams include perception,
mental imagery, emotion activation, fear memory extinction, and sense of self and
body. Differences between these two states are related to differential perceptual
input from the environment, clarity of consciousness and meta-cognitive
abilities. Therefore, psychedelic states are closest to lucid dreaming which is
characterized by a mixed state of dreaming and waking consciousness. CONCLUSION:
The broad overlap between dreaming and psychedelic states supports the notion
that psychedelics acutely induce dreamlike subjective experiences which may have
long-term beneficial effects on psychosocial functioning and well-being. Future
clinical studies should examine how therapeutic outcome is related to the acute
dreamlike effects of psychedelics.
|Animals
[MESH]
|Brain/*drug effects/*physiology
[MESH]
|Dreams/drug effects/*physiology
[MESH]
|Hallucinogens/*pharmacology/*therapeutic use
[MESH]