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Disorders of the lower cranial nerves
#MMPMID26167022
Finsterer J
; Grisold W
J Neurosci Rural Pract
2015[Jul]; 6
(3
): 377-91
PMID26167022
show ga
Lesions of the lower cranial nerves (LCN) are due to numerous causes, which need
to be differentiated to optimize management and outcome. This review aims at
summarizing and discussing diseases affecting LCN. Review of publications dealing
with disorders of the LCN in humans. Affection of multiple LCN is much more
frequent than the affection of a single LCN. LCN may be affected solely or
together with more proximal cranial nerves, with central nervous system disease,
or with nonneurological disorders. LCN lesions have to be suspected if there are
typical symptoms or signs attributable to a LCN. Causes of LCN lesions can be
classified as genetic, vascular, traumatic, iatrogenic, infectious, immunologic,
metabolic, nutritional, degenerative, or neoplastic. Treatment of LCN lesions
depends on the underlying cause. An effective treatment is available in the
majority of the cases, but a prerequisite for complete recovery is the prompt and
correct diagnosis. LCN lesions need to be considered in case of disturbed speech,
swallowing, coughing, deglutition, sensory functions, taste, or autonomic
functions, neuralgic pain, dysphagia, head, pharyngeal, or neck pain, cardiac or
gastrointestinal compromise, or weakness of the trapezius, sternocleidomastoid,
or the tongue muscles. To correctly assess manifestations of LCN lesions, precise
knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the area is required.
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