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2015 ; 5
(ä): 16571
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Disease-induced resource constraints can trigger explosive epidemics
#MMPMID26568377
Böttcher L
; Woolley-Meza O
; Araújo NA
; Herrmann HJ
; Helbing D
Sci Rep
2015[Nov]; 5
(ä): 16571
PMID26568377
show ga
Advances in mathematical epidemiology have led to a better understanding of the
risks posed by epidemic spreading and informed strategies to contain disease
spread. However, a challenge that has been overlooked is that, as a disease
becomes more prevalent, it can limit the availability of the capital needed to
effectively treat those who have fallen ill. Here we use a simple mathematical
model to gain insight into the dynamics of an epidemic when the recovery of sick
individuals depends on the availability of healing resources that are generated
by the healthy population. We find that epidemics spiral out of control into
"explosive" spread if the cost of recovery is above a critical cost. This can
occur even when the disease would die out without the resource constraint. The
onset of explosive epidemics is very sudden, exhibiting a discontinuous
transition under very general assumptions. We find analytical expressions for the
critical cost and the size of the explosive jump in infection levels in terms of
the parameters that characterize the spreading process. Our model and results
apply beyond epidemics to contagion dynamics that self-induce constraints on
recovery, thereby amplifying the spreading process.