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2018 ; 9
(1
): 1499
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Dinosaur diversification linked with the Carnian Pluvial Episode
#MMPMID29662063
Bernardi M
; Gianolla P
; Petti FM
; Mietto P
; Benton MJ
Nat Commun
2018[Apr]; 9
(1
): 1499
PMID29662063
show ga
Dinosaurs diversified in two steps during the Triassic. They originated about
245?Ma, during the recovery from the Permian-Triassic mass extinction, and then
remained insignificant until they exploded in diversity and ecological importance
during the Late Triassic. Hitherto, this Late Triassic explosion was poorly
constrained and poorly dated. Here we provide evidence that it followed the
Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE), dated to 234-232?Ma, a time when climates switched
from arid to humid and back to arid again. Our evidence comes from a combined
analysis of skeletal evidence and footprint occurrences, and especially from the
exquisitely dated ichnofaunas of the Italian Dolomites. These provide evidence of
tetrapod faunal compositions through the Carnian and Norian, and show that
dinosaur footprints appear exactly at the time of the CPE. We argue then that
dinosaurs diversified explosively in the mid Carnian, at a time of major climate
and floral change and the extinction of key herbivores, which the dinosaurs
opportunistically replaced.