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2015 ; 25
(3
): 250-71
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Diffusion MRI and its Role in Neuropsychology
#MMPMID26255305
Mueller BA
; Lim KO
; Hemmy L
; Camchong J
Neuropsychol Rev
2015[Sep]; 25
(3
): 250-71
PMID26255305
show ga
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) is a popular method used by
neuroscientists to uncover unique information about the structural connections
within the brain. dMRI is a non-invasive imaging methodology in which image
contrast is based on the diffusion of water molecules in tissue. While applicable
to many tissues in the body, this review focuses exclusively on the use of dMRI
to examine white matter in the brain. In this review, we begin with a definition
of diffusion and how diffusion is measured with MRI. Next we introduce the
diffusion tensor model, the predominant model used in dMRI. We then describe
acquisition issues related to acquisition parameters and scanner hardware and
software. Sources of artifacts are then discussed, followed by a brief review of
analysis approaches. We provide an overview of the limitations of the traditional
diffusion tensor model, and highlight several more sophisticated non-tensor
models that better describe the complex architecture of the brain's white matter.
We then touch on reliability and validity issues of diffusion measurements.
Finally, we describe examples of ways in which dMRI has been applied to studies
of brain disorders and how identified alterations relate to symptomatology and
cognition.
|Artifacts
[MESH]
|Brain/*anatomy & histology/*pathology
[MESH]
|Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods
[MESH]