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2015 ; 2
(1
): 15-42
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Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry in Cutaneous Neoplasia: An Update
#MMPMID27047932
Compton LA
; Murphy GF
; Lian CG
Dermatopathology (Basel)
2015[Jan]; 2
(1
): 15-42
PMID27047932
show ga
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an important adjunct in the diagnosis of neoplastic
skin diseases. In addition to the many established IHC markers currently in use,
new markers continue to emerge, although their general acceptance and routine
application requires robust validation. Here, we summarize the most
well-established and commonly used biomarkers along with an array of newer ones
reported in the past several decades that either demonstrate or hold high
clinical promise in the field of cutaneous pathology. We also highlight recent
applications of novel IHC markers in melanoma diagnosis including genetic
mutation status markers [e.g. BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
B) and NRAS (neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)] and an epigenetic
alteration marker (e.g. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine). We specifically focus on the
role of IHC in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous lesions that fall under
the following categories: melanoma, epidermal tumors with an intraepidermal
epitheliomatous pattern, spindle cell lesions of the dermis, small round blue
cell tumors of the dermis, and cutaneous adnexal tumors. While IHC is a valuable
tool in diagnostic dermatopathology, marker selection and interpretation must be
highly informed by clinical context and the histologic differential diagnosis.
With rapid progress in our understanding of the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms
of tumorigenesis, new IHC markers will continue to emerge in the field of
diagnostic dermatopathology.