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2014 ; 20
(4
): 299-309
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Diagnosis and management of hemoptysis
#MMPMID24808437
Larici AR
; Franchi P
; Occhipinti M
; Contegiacomo A
; del Ciello A
; Calandriello L
; Storto ML
; Marano R
; Bonomo L
Diagn Interv Radiol
2014[Jul]; 20
(4
): 299-309
PMID24808437
show ga
Hemoptysis is the expectoration of blood that originates from the lower
respiratory tract. It is usually a self-limiting event but in fewer than 5% of
cases it may be massive, representing a life-threatening condition that warrants
urgent investigations and treatment. This article aims to provide a comprehensive
literature review on hemoptysis, analyzing its causes and pathophysiologic
mechanisms, and providing details about anatomy and imaging of systemic bronchial
and nonbronchial arteries responsible for hemoptysis. Strengths and limits of
chest radiography, bronchoscopy, multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), MDCT
angiography and digital subtraction angiography to assess the cause and lead the
treatment of hemoptysis were reported, with particular emphasis on MDCT
angiography. Treatment options for recurrent or massive hemoptysis were
summarized, highlighting the predominant role of bronchial artery embolization.
Finally, a guide was proposed for managing massive and nonmassive hemoptysis,
according to the most recent medical literature.
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