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2016 ; 157
(4
): 1328-40
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Developmental Programming, a Pathway to Disease
#MMPMID26859334
Padmanabhan V
; Cardoso RC
; Puttabyatappa M
Endocrinology
2016[Apr]; 157
(4
): 1328-40
PMID26859334
show ga
Accumulating evidence suggests that insults occurring during the perinatal period
alter the developmental trajectory of the fetus/offspring leading to long-term
detrimental outcomes that often culminate in adult pathologies. These perinatal
insults include maternal/fetal disease states, nutritional deficits/excess,
stress, lifestyle choices, exposure to environmental chemicals, and medical
interventions. In addition to reviewing the various insults that contribute to
developmental programming and the benefits of animal models in addressing
underlying mechanisms, this review focuses on the commonalities in disease
outcomes stemming from various insults, the convergence of mechanistic pathways
via which various insults can lead to common outcomes, and identifies the
knowledge gaps in the field and future directions.