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2015 ; 81
(18
): 6120-8
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Development of Spatial Distribution Patterns by Biofilm Cells
#MMPMID26116674
Haagensen JA
; Hansen SK
; Christensen BB
; Pamp SJ
; Molin S
Appl Environ Microbiol
2015[Sep]; 81
(18
): 6120-8
PMID26116674
show ga
Confined spatial patterns of microbial distribution are prevalent in nature, such
as in microbial mats, soil communities, and water stream biofilms. The symbiotic
two-species consortium of Pseudomonas putida and Acinetobacter sp. strain C6,
originally isolated from a creosote-polluted aquifer, has evolved a distinct
spatial organization in the laboratory that is characterized by an increased
fitness and productivity. In this consortium, P. putida is reliant on
microcolonies formed by Acinetobacter sp. C6, to which it attaches. Here we
describe the processes that lead to the microcolony pattern by Acinetobacter sp.
C6. Ecological spatial pattern analyses revealed that the microcolonies were not
entirely randomly distributed and instead were arranged in a uniform pattern.
Detailed time-lapse confocal microscopy at the single-cell level demonstrated
that the spatial pattern was the result of an intriguing self-organization: small
multicellular clusters moved along the surface to fuse with one another to form
microcolonies. This active distribution capability was dependent on environmental
factors (carbon source and oxygen) and historical contingency (formation of
phenotypic variants). The findings of this study are discussed in the context of
species distribution patterns observed in macroecology, and we summarize
observations about the processes involved in coadaptation between P. putida and
Acinetobacter sp. C6. Our results contribute to an understanding of spatial
species distribution patterns as they are observed in nature, as well as the
ecology of engineered communities that have the potential for enhanced and
sustainable bioprocessing capacity.
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