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2014 ; 10
(4
): 1542-57
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Designing protein-based biomaterials for medical applications
#MMPMID24121196
Gagner JE
; Kim W
; Chaikof EL
Acta Biomater
2014[Apr]; 10
(4
): 1542-57
PMID24121196
show ga
Biomaterials produced by nature have been honed through billions of years,
evolving exquisitely precise structure-function relationships that scientists
strive to emulate. Advances in genetic engineering have facilitated extensive
investigations to determine how changes in even a single peptide within a protein
sequence can produce biomaterials with unique thermal, mechanical and biological
properties. Elastin, a naturally occurring protein polymer, serves as a model
protein to determine the relationship between specific structural elements and
desirable material characteristics. The modular, repetitive nature of the protein
facilitates the formation of well-defined secondary structures with the ability
to self-assemble into complex three-dimensional architectures on a variety of
length scales. Furthermore, many opportunities exist to incorporate other
protein-based motifs and inorganic materials into recombinant protein-based
materials, extending the range and usefulness of these materials in potential
biomedical applications. Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) can be assembled into
3-D architectures with precise control over payload encapsulation, mechanical and
thermal properties, as well as unique functionalization opportunities through
both genetic and enzymatic means. An overview of current protein-based materials,
their properties and uses in biomedicine will be provided, with a focus on the
advantages of ELPs. Applications of these biomaterials as imaging and therapeutic
delivery agents will be discussed. Finally, broader implications and future
directions of these materials as diagnostic and therapeutic systems will be
explored.