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2012 ; 3
(5
): 329-45
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Delineating nuclear reprogramming
#MMPMID22467264
Ooi J
; Liu P
Protein Cell
2012[May]; 3
(5
): 329-45
PMID22467264
show ga
Nuclear reprogramming is described as a molecular switch, triggered by the
conversion of one cell type to another. Several key experiments in the past
century have provided insight into the field of nuclear reprogramming. Previously
deemed impossible, this research area is now brimming with new findings and
developments. In this review, we aim to give a historical perspective on how the
notion of nuclear reprogramming was established, describing main experiments that
were performed, including (1) somatic cell nuclear transfer, (2) exposure to cell
extracts and cell fusion, and (3) transcription factor induced lineage switch.
Ultimately, we focus on (4) transcription factor induced pluripotency, as
initiated by a landmark discovery in 2006, where the process of converting
somatic cells to a pluripotent state was narrowed down to four transcription
factors. The conception that somatic cells possess the capacity to revert to an
immature status brings about huge clinical implications including personalized
therapy, drug screening and disease modeling. Although this technology has
potential to revolutionize the medical field, it is still impeded by technical
and biological obstacles. This review describes the effervescent changes in this
field, addresses bottlenecks hindering its advancement and in conclusion, applies
the latest findings to overcome these issues.
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