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2014 ; 16
(5
): 471-82
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Decongestion in acute heart failure
#MMPMID24599738
Mentz RJ
; Kjeldsen K
; Rossi GP
; Voors AA
; Cleland JG
; Anker SD
; Gheorghiade M
; Fiuzat M
; Rossignol P
; Zannad F
; Pitt B
; O'Connor C
; Felker GM
Eur J Heart Fail
2014[May]; 16
(5
): 471-82
PMID24599738
show ga
Congestion is a major reason for hospitalization in acute heart failure (HF).
Therapeutic strategies to manage congestion include diuretics, vasodilators,
ultrafiltration, vasopressin antagonists, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists,
and potentially also novel therapies such as gut sequesterants and serelaxin.
Uncertainty exists with respect to the appropriate decongestion strategy for an
individual patient. In this review, we summarize the benefit and risk profiles
for these decongestion strategies and provide guidance on selecting an
appropriate approach for different patients. An evidence-based initial approach
to congestion management involves high-dose i.v. diuretics with addition of
vasodilators for dyspnoea relief if blood pressure allows. To enhance diuresis or
overcome diuretic resistance, options include dual nephron blockade with thiazide
diuretics or natriuretic doses of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists.
Vasopressin antagonists may improve aquaresis and relieve dyspnoea. If diuretic
strategies are unsuccessful, then ultrafiltration may be considered.
Ultrafiltration should be used with caution in the setting of worsening renal
function. This review is based on discussions among scientists, clinical
trialists, and regulatory representatives at the 9th Global Cardio Vascular
Clinical Trialists Forum in Paris, France, from 30 November to 1 December 2012.
|*Cardiovascular Agents/classification/therapeutic use
[MESH]