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2015 ; 11
(12
): e1005661
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DNA Methylation: Insights into Human Evolution
#MMPMID26658498
Hernando-Herraez I
; Garcia-Perez R
; Sharp AJ
; Marques-Bonet T
PLoS Genet
2015[Dec]; 11
(12
): e1005661
PMID26658498
show ga
A fundamental initiative for evolutionary biologists is to understand the
molecular basis underlying phenotypic diversity. A long-standing hypothesis
states that species-specific traits may be explained by differences in gene
regulation rather than differences at the protein level. Over the past few years,
evolutionary studies have shifted from mere sequence comparisons to integrative
analyses in which gene regulation is key to understanding species evolution. DNA
methylation is an important epigenetic modification involved in the regulation of
numerous biological processes. Nevertheless, the evolution of the human methylome
and the processes driving such changes are poorly understood. Here, we review the
close interplay between Cytosine-phosphate-Guanine (CpG) methylation and the
underlying genome sequence, as well as its evolutionary impact. We also summarize
the latest advances in the field, revisiting the main literature on human and
nonhuman primates. We hope to encourage the scientific community to address the
many challenges posed by the field of comparative epigenomics.
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