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Cytoplasmic RNA Granules and Viral Infection
#MMPMID26958719
Tsai WC
; Lloyd RE
Annu Rev Virol
2014[Nov]; 1
(1
): 147-70
PMID26958719
show ga
RNA granules are dynamic cellular structures essential for proper gene expression
and homeostasis. The two principal types of cytoplasmic RNA granules are stress
granules, which contain stalled translation initiation complexes, and processing
bodies (P bodies), which concentrate factors involved in mRNA degradation. RNA
granules are associated with gene silencing of transcripts; thus, viruses repress
RNA granule functions to favor replication. This article discusses the breadth of
viral interactions with cytoplasmic RNA granules, focusing on mechanisms that
modulate the functions of RNA granules and that typically promote viral
replication. Currently, mechanisms for virus manipulation of RNA granules can be
loosely grouped into three nonexclusive categories: (a) cleavage of key RNA
granule factors, (b) regulation of PKR activation, and (c) co-opting of RNA
granule factors for new roles in viral replication. Viral modulation of RNA
granules supports productive infection by inhibiting their gene-silencing
functions and counteracting their role in linking stress sensing with innate
immune activation.