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2016 ; 11
(ä): 47
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Cystinosis: a review
#MMPMID27102039
Elmonem MA
; Veys KR
; Soliman NA
; van Dyck M
; van den Heuvel LP
; Levtchenko E
Orphanet J Rare Dis
2016[Apr]; 11
(ä): 47
PMID27102039
show ga
Cystinosis is the most common hereditary cause of renal Fanconi syndrome in
children. It is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by
mutations in the CTNS gene encoding for the carrier protein cystinosin,
transporting cystine out of the lysosomal compartment. Defective cystinosin
function leads to intra-lysosomal cystine accumulation in all body cells and
organs. The kidneys are initially affected during the first year of life through
proximal tubular damage followed by progressive glomerular damage and end stage
renal failure during mid-childhood if not treated. Other affected organs include
eyes, thyroid, pancreas, gonads, muscles and CNS. Leucocyte cystine assay is the
cornerstone for both diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of the disease. Several
lines of treatment are available for cystinosis including the cystine depleting
agent cysteamine, renal replacement therapy, hormonal therapy and others;
however, no curative treatment is yet available. In the current review we will
discuss the most important clinical features of the disease, advantages and
disadvantages of the current diagnostic and therapeutic options and the main
topics of future research in cystinosis.
|Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral/genetics/metabolism
[MESH]