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2016 ; 25
(6
): 556-562
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Current status of alloimmunity
#MMPMID27584931
Borges TJ
; Murakami N
; Riella LV
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens
2016[Nov]; 25
(6
): 556-562
PMID27584931
show ga
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The present review aims to highlight the major recent advances
in transplantation with regards to basic, translational, and clinical research.
RECENT FINDINGS: We describe new concepts in understanding allorecognition and
allospecificity of T cells, and discuss current challenges in targeting memory T
cells, including the limitation of rodent disease models. From a clinical
perspective, we highlight the advances in molecular biopsy characterization,
which have expanded our knowledge of potential drivers of injury and may provide
better parameters for patient risk stratification. We also highlight the dual
role of innate immunity in both stimulating and regulating adaptive immunity, as
well as novel insights into environmental exposures that may affect immune
regulation, such as high-salt diet. Finally, we discuss advances in understanding
humoral response and novel technologies, such as chimeric antigen
receptors-engineered T cells, microparticle-based drug delivery, and clustered
regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated
protein 9 (Cas9) gene editing, that may provide intriguing and promising
approaches to restrain alloimmunity. SUMMARY: Current advances in our
understanding of the basic mechanisms of alloimmunity and their potential
translation to clinical applications will permit the development of novel
diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to improve long-term graft survival.
|*Immunity, Cellular
[MESH]
|*Immunity, Humoral
[MESH]
|*Immunity, Innate
[MESH]
|*Kidney Transplantation
[MESH]
|CRISPR-Cas Systems
[MESH]
|Gene Editing
[MESH]
|Graft Rejection/*immunology/prevention & control
[MESH]