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2018 ; 53
(3
): 362-376
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Current and future pharmacological therapies for NAFLD/NASH
#MMPMID29247356
Sumida Y
; Yoneda M
J Gastroenterol
2018[Mar]; 53
(3
): 362-376
PMID29247356
show ga
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease
worldwide, and there is no approved pharmacotherapy. The efficacy of vitamin E
and pioglitazone has been established in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a
progressive form of NAFLD. GLP-1RA and SGLT2 inhibitors, which are currently
approved for use in diabetes, have shown early efficacy in NASH, and also have
beneficial cardiovascular or renal effects. Innovative NASH therapies include
four main pathways. The first approach is targeting hepatic fat accumulation.
Medications in this approach include modulation of peroxisome
proliferator-activator receptors (e.g., pemafibrate, elafibranor), medications
targeting farnesoid X receptor axis [obeticholic acid; OCA)], inhibitors of de
novo lipogenesis (aramchol, ACC inhibitor), and fibroblast growth factor-21
analogues. A second target is oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This
class of drug includes apoptosis signaling kinase 1 (ASK1) inhibitor and
emricasan (an irreversible caspase inhibitor). A third target is intestinal
microbiomes and metabolic endotoxemia. Several agents are in ongoing trials,
including IMMe124, TLR4 antagonist, and solithromycin (macrolide antibiotics).
The final target is hepatic fibrosis, which is strongly associated with all-cause
or liver-related mortality in NASH. Antifibrotic agents are a cysteine-cysteine
motif chemokine receptor-2/5 antagonist (cenicriviroc; CVC) and galectin 3
antagonist. Among a variety of medications in development, four agents such as
OCA, elafibranor, ASK1 inhibitor, and CVC are currently being evaluated in an
international phase 3 trial for the treatment of NASH. Within the next few years,
the availability of therapeutic options for NASH will hopefully curb the rising
trend of NASH-related diseases.
|Drug Development
[MESH]
|Global Health
[MESH]
|Health Planning Guidelines
[MESH]
|Humans
[MESH]
|Molecular Targeted Therapy
[MESH]
|Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/*drug therapy/*epidemiology/prevention &
control
[MESH]