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2017 ; 7
(6
): 572-586
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Current Diagnosis and Management of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
#MMPMID28894688
Bakhsheshian J
; Mehta VA
; Liu JC
Global Spine J
2017[Sep]; 7
(6
): 572-586
PMID28894688
show ga
STUDY DESIGN: Review. OBJECTIVES: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a
major cause of disability, particular in elderly patients. Awareness and
understanding of CSM is imperative to facilitate early diagnosis and management.
This review article addresses CSM with regard to its epidemiology, anatomical
considerations, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, imaging
characteristics, treatment approaches and outcomes, and the cost-effectiveness of
surgical options. METHODS: The authors performed an extensive review of the
peer-reviewed literature addressing the aforementioned objectives. RESULTS: The
clinical presentation and natural history of CSM is variable, alternating between
quiescent and insidious to stepwise decline or rapid neurological deterioration.
For mild CSM, conservative options could be employed with careful observation.
However, surgical intervention has shown to be superior for moderate to severe
CSM. The success of operative or conservative management of CSM is multifactorial
and high-quality studies are lacking. The optimal surgical approach is still
under debate, and can vary depending on the number of levels involved, location
of the pathology and baseline cervical sagittal alignment. CONCLUSIONS: Early
recognition and treatment of CSM, before the onset of spinal cord damage, is
essential for optimal outcomes. The goal of surgery is to decompress the cord
with expansion of the spinal canal, while restoring cervical lordosis, and
stabilizing when the risk of cervical kyphosis is high. Further high-quality
randomized clinical studies with long-term follow up are still needed to further
define the natural history and help predict the ideal surgical strategy.