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2015 ; 24
(3
): 224-30
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Counting glomeruli and podocytes: rationale and methodologies
#MMPMID25887899
Puelles VG
; Bertram JF
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens
2015[May]; 24
(3
): 224-30
PMID25887899
show ga
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: There is currently much interest in the numbers of both
glomeruli and podocytes. This interest stems from a greater understanding of the
effects of suboptimal fetal events on nephron endowment, the associations between
low nephron number and chronic cardiovascular and kidney disease in adults, and
the emergence of the podocyte depletion hypothesis. RECENT FINDINGS: Obtaining
accurate and precise estimates of glomerular and podocyte number has proven
surprisingly difficult. When whole kidneys or large tissue samples are available,
design-based stereological methods are considered gold standard because they are
based on principles that negate systematic bias. However, these methods are often
tedious and time consuming, and oftentimes inapplicable when dealing with small
samples such as biopsies. Therefore, novel methods suitable for small tissue
samples, and innovative approaches to facilitate high throughput measurements,
such as MRI to estimate glomerular number and flow cytometry to estimate podocyte
number, have recently been described. SUMMARY: This review describes current
gold-standard methods for estimating glomerular and podocyte number, as well as
methods developed in the past 3 years. We are now better placed than ever before
to accurately and precisely estimate glomerular and podocyte number, and examine
relationships between these measurements and kidney health and disease.