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2015 ; 49
(ä): 1-16
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Corneal structure and transparency
#MMPMID26145225
Meek KM
; Knupp C
Prog Retin Eye Res
2015[Nov]; 49
(ä): 1-16
PMID26145225
show ga
The corneal stroma plays several pivotal roles within the eye. Optically, it is
the main refracting lens and thus has to combine almost perfect transmission of
visible light with precise shape, in order to focus incoming light. Furthermore,
mechanically it has to be extremely tough to protect the inner contents of the
eye. These functions are governed by its structure at all hierarchical levels.
The basic principles of corneal structure and transparency have been known for
some time, but in recent years X-ray scattering and other methods have revealed
that the details of this structure are far more complex than previously thought
and that the intricacy of the arrangement of the collagenous lamellae provides
the shape and the mechanical properties of the tissue. At the molecular level,
modern technologies and theoretical modelling have started to explain exactly how
the collagen fibrils are arranged within the stromal lamellae and how
proteoglycans maintain this ultrastructure. In this review we describe the
current state of knowledge about the three-dimensional stromal architecture at
the microscopic level, and about the control mechanisms at the nanoscopic level
that lead to optical transparency.
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