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2017 ; 74
(11
): 1937-1956
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Control of signaling molecule range during developmental patterning
#MMPMID27999899
Wilcockson SG
; Sutcliffe C
; Ashe HL
Cell Mol Life Sci
2017[Jun]; 74
(11
): 1937-1956
PMID27999899
show ga
Tissue patterning, through the concerted activity of a small number of signaling
pathways, is critical to embryonic development. While patterning can involve
signaling between neighbouring cells, in other contexts signals act over greater
distances by traversing complex cellular landscapes to instruct the fate of
distant cells. In this review, we explore different strategies adopted by cells
to modulate signaling molecule range to allow correct patterning. We describe
mechanisms for restricting signaling range and highlight how such short-range
signaling can be exploited to not only control the fate of adjacent cells, but
also to generate graded signaling within a field of cells. Other strategies
include modulation of signaling molecule action by tissue architectural
properties and the use of cellular membranous structures, such as signaling
filopodia and exosomes, to actively deliver signaling ligands to target cells.
Signaling filopodia can also be deployed to reach out and collect particular
signals, thereby precisely controlling their site of action.