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2018 ; 376
(2120
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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Control of cell behaviour through nanovibrational stimulation: nanokicking
#MMPMID29661978
Robertson SN
; Campsie P
; Childs PG
; Madsen F
; Donnelly H
; Henriquez FL
; Mackay WG
; Salmerón-Sánchez M
; Tsimbouri MP
; Williams C
; Dalby MJ
; Reid S
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci
2018[May]; 376
(2120
): ä PMID29661978
show ga
Mechanical signals are ubiquitous in our everyday life and the process of
converting these mechanical signals into a biological signalling response is
known as mechanotransduction. Our understanding of mechanotransduction, and its
contribution to vital cellular responses, is a rapidly expanding field of
research involving complex processes that are still not clearly understood. The
use of mechanical vibration as a stimulus of mechanotransduction, including
variation of frequency and amplitude, allows an alternative method to control
specific cell behaviour without chemical stimulation (e.g. growth factors).
Chemical-independent control of cell behaviour could be highly advantageous for
fields including drug discovery and clinical tissue engineering. In this review,
a novel technique is described based on nanoscale sinusoidal vibration. Using
finite-element analysis in conjunction with laser interferometry, techniques that
are used within the field of gravitational wave detection, optimization of
apparatus design and calibration of vibration application have been performed. We
further discuss the application of nanovibrational stimulation, or 'nanokicking',
to eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells including the differentiation of mesenchymal
stem cells towards an osteoblast cell lineage. Mechanotransductive mechanisms are
discussed including mediation through the Rho-A kinase signalling pathway.
Optimization of this technique was first performed in two-dimensional culture
using a simple vibration platform with an optimal frequency and amplitude of
1?kHz and 22?nm. A novel bioreactor was developed to scale up cell production,
with recent research demonstrating that mesenchymal stem cell differentiation can
be efficiently triggered in soft gel constructs. This important step provides
first evidence that clinically relevant (three-dimensional) volumes of
osteoblasts can be produced for the purpose of bone grafting, without complex
scaffolds and/or chemical induction. Initial findings have shown that
nanovibrational stimulation can also reduce biofilm formation in a number of
clinically relevant bacteria. This demonstrates additional utility of the
bioreactor to investigate mechanotransduction in other fields of research.This
article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The promises of gravitational-wave
astronomy'.
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