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Contrast enhanced ultrasound of sentinel lymph nodes
#MMPMID26675994
Cui X
; Ignee A
; Nielsen MB
; Schreiber-Dietrich D
; De Molo C
; Pirri C
; Jedrzejczyk M
; Christoph DF
J Ultrason
2013[Mar]; 13
(52
): 73-81
PMID26675994
show ga
Sentinel lymph nodes are the first lymph nodes in the region that receive
lymphatic drainage from a primary tumor. The detection or exclusion of sentinel
lymph node micrometastases is critical in the staging of cancer, especially
breast cancer and melanoma because it directly affects patient's prognosis and
surgical management. Currently, intraoperative sentinel lymph node biopsies using
blue dye and radioisotopes are the method of choice for the detection of sentinel
lymph node with high identification rate. In contrast, conventional ultrasound is
not capable of detecting sentinel lymph nodes in most cases. Contrast enhanced
ultrasound with contrast specific imaging modes has been used for the evaluation
and diagnostic work-up of peripherally located suspected lymphadenopathy. The
method allows for real-time analysis of all vascular phases and the visualization
of intranodal focal "avascular" areas that represent necrosis or deposits of
neoplastic cells. In recent years, a number of animal and human studies showed
that contrast enhanced ultrasound can be also used for the detection of sentinel
lymph node, and may become a potential application in clinical routine. Several
contrast agents have been used in those studies, including albumin solution,
hydroxyethylated starch, SonoVue(®), Sonazoid(®) and Definity(®). This review
summarizes the current knowledge about the use of ultrasound techniques in
detection and evaluation of sentinel lymph node.
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