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2015 ; 112
(15
): E1818-27
Nephropedia Template TP
Torsvik TH
; Amundsen HE
; Trønnes RG
; Doubrovine PV
; Gaina C
; Kusznir NJ
; Steinberger B
; Corfu F
; Ashwal LD
; Griffin WL
; Werner SC
; Jamtveit B
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2015[Apr]; 112
(15
): E1818-27
PMID25825769
show ga
The magmatic activity (0-16 Ma) in Iceland is linked to a deep mantle plume that
has been active for the past 62 My. Icelandic and northeast Atlantic basalts
contain variable proportions of two enriched components, interpreted as recycled
oceanic crust supplied by the plume, and subcontinental lithospheric mantle
derived from the nearby continental margins. A restricted area in southeast
Iceland--and especially the Öræfajökull volcano--is characterized by a unique
enriched-mantle component (EM2-like) with elevated (87)Sr/(86)Sr and
(207)Pb/(204)Pb. Here, we demonstrate through modeling of Sr-Nd-Pb abundances and
isotope ratios that the primitive Öræfajökull melts could have assimilated 2-6%
of underlying continental crust before differentiating to more evolved melts.
From inversion of gravity anomaly data (crustal thickness), analysis of regional
magnetic data, and plate reconstructions, we propose that continental crust
beneath southeast Iceland is part of ?350-km-long and 70-km-wide extension of the
Jan Mayen Microcontinent (JMM). The extended JMM was marginal to East Greenland
but detached in the Early Eocene (between 52 and 47 Mya); by the Oligocene (27
Mya), all parts of the JMM permanently became part of the Eurasian plate
following a westward ridge jump in the direction of the Iceland plume.