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2015 ; 308
(6
): C426-33
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Considerations when quantitating protein abundance by immunoblot
#MMPMID25540176
McDonough AA
; Veiras LC
; Minas JN
; Ralph DL
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol
2015[Mar]; 308
(6
): C426-33
PMID25540176
show ga
The development of the immunoblot to detect and characterize a protein with an
antisera, even in a crude mixture, was a breakthrough with wide-ranging and
unpredictable applications across physiology and medicine. Initially, this
technique was viewed as a tool for qualitative, not quantitative, analyses of
proteins because of the high number of variables between sample preparation and
detection with antibodies. Nonetheless, as the immunoblot method was streamlined
and improved, investigators pushed it to quantitate protein abundance in
unpurified samples as a function of treatment, genotype, or pathology. This short
review, geared at investigators, reviewers, and critical readers, presents a set
of issues that are of critical importance for quantitative analysis of protein
abundance: 1) Consider whether tissue samples are of equivalent integrity and
assess how handling between collection and assay influences the apparent relative
abundance. 2) Establish the specificity of the antiserum for the protein of
interest by providing clear images, molecular weight markers, positive and
negative controls, and vendor details. 3) Provide convincing evidence for
linearity of the detection system by assessing signal density as a function of
sample loaded. 4) Recognize that loading control proteins are rarely in the same
linear range of detection as the protein of interest; consider protein staining
of the gel or blot. In summary, with careful attention to sample integrity,
antibody specificity, linearity of the detection system, and acceptable loading
controls, investigators can implement quantitative immunoblots to convincingly
assess protein abundance in their samples.