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2016 ; 40
(2
): 258-72
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Computational approaches to predict bacteriophage-host relationships
#MMPMID26657537
Edwards RA
; McNair K
; Faust K
; Raes J
; Dutilh BE
FEMS Microbiol Rev
2016[Mar]; 40
(2
): 258-72
PMID26657537
show ga
Metagenomics has changed the face of virus discovery by enabling the accurate
identification of viral genome sequences without requiring isolation of the
viruses. As a result, metagenomic virus discovery leaves the first and most
fundamental question about any novel virus unanswered: What host does the virus
infect? The diversity of the global virosphere and the volumes of data obtained
in metagenomic sequencing projects demand computational tools for virus-host
prediction. We focus on bacteriophages (phages, viruses that infect bacteria),
the most abundant and diverse group of viruses found in environmental
metagenomes. By analyzing 820 phages with annotated hosts, we review and assess
the predictive power of in silico phage-host signals. Sequence homology
approaches are the most effective at identifying known phage-host pairs.
Compositional and abundance-based methods contain significant signal for
phage-host classification, providing opportunities for analyzing the unknowns in
viral metagenomes. Together, these computational approaches further our knowledge
of the interactions between phages and their hosts. Importantly, we find that all
reviewed signals significantly link phages to their hosts, illustrating how
current knowledge and insights about the interaction mechanisms and ecology of
coevolving phages and bacteria can be exploited to predict phage-host
relationships, with potential relevance for medical and industrial applications.