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2018 ; 16
(ä): 43-53
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Computational Methods for Assessing Chromatin Hierarchy
#MMPMID29686798
Chang P
; Gohain M
; Yen MR
; Chen PY
Comput Struct Biotechnol J
2018[]; 16
(ä): 43-53
PMID29686798
show ga
The hierarchical organization of chromatin is known to associate with diverse
cellular functions; however, the precise mechanisms and the 3D structure remain
to be determined. With recent advances in high-throughput next generation
sequencing (NGS) techniques, genome-wide profiling of chromatin structures is
made possible. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of NGS-based methods for
profiling "higher-order" and "primary-order" chromatin structures from both
experimental and computational aspects. Experimental requirements and
considerations specific for each method were highlighted. For computational
analysis, we summarized a common analysis strategy for both levels of chromatin
assessment, focusing on the characteristic computing steps and the tools. The
recently developed single-cell level techniques based on Hi-C and ATAC-seq
present great potential to reveal cell-to-cell variability in chromosome
architecture. A brief discussion on these methods in terms of experimental and
data analysis features is included. We also touch upon the biological relevance
of chromatin organization and how the combination with other techniques uncovers
the underlying mechanisms. We conclude with a summary and our prospects on
necessary improvements of currently available methods in order to advance
understanding of chromatin hierarchy. Our review brings together the analyses of
both higher- and primary-order chromatin structures, and serves as a roadmap when
choosing appropriate experimental and computational methods for assessing
chromatin hierarchy.