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2018 ; 9
(ä): 1629
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Complementing Cancer Metastasis
#MMPMID30061895
Kochanek DM
; Ghouse SM
; Karbowniczek MM
; Markiewski MM
Front Immunol
2018[]; 9
(ä): 1629
PMID30061895
show ga
Complement is an effector of innate immunity and a bridge connecting innate
immunity and subsequent adaptive immune responses. It is essential for protection
against infections and for orchestrating inflammatory responses. Recent studies
have also demonstrated contribution of the complement system to several
homeostatic processes that are traditionally not considered to be involved in
immunity. Thus, complement regulates homeostasis and immunity. However,
dysregulation of this system contributes to several pathologies including
inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Unexpectedly, studies of the last decade
have also revealed that complement promotes cancer progression. Since the initial
discovery of tumor promoting role of complement, numerous preclinical and
clinical studies demonstrated contribution of several complement components to
regulation of tumor growth through their direct interactions with the
corresponding receptors on tumor cells or through suppression of antitumor
immunity. Most of this work, however, focused on a role of complement in
regulating growth of primary tumors. Only recently, a few studies showed that
complement promotes cancer metastasis through its contribution to
epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and the premetastatic niche. This latter
work has shown that complement activation and generation of complement effectors
including C5a occur in organs that are target for metastasis prior to arrival of
the very first tumor cells. C5a through its interactions with C5a receptor 1
inhibits antitumor immunity by activating and recruiting immunosuppressive cells
from the bone marrow to the premetastatic niche and by regulating function and
self-renewal of pulmonary tissue-resident alveolar macrophages. These new
advancements provide additional evidence for multifaceted functions of complement
in cancer.