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2016 ; 274
(1
): 33-58
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gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
Complement component C3 - The "Swiss Army Knife" of innate immunity and host
defense
#MMPMID27782325
Ricklin D
; Reis ES
; Mastellos DC
; Gros P
; Lambris JD
Immunol Rev
2016[Nov]; 274
(1
): 33-58
PMID27782325
show ga
As a preformed defense system, complement faces a delicate challenge in providing
an immediate, forceful response to pathogens even at first encounter, while
sparing host cells in the process. For this purpose, it engages a tightly
regulated network of plasma proteins, cell surface receptors, and regulators.
Complement component C3 plays a particularly versatile role in this process by
keeping the cascade alert, acting as a point of convergence of activation
pathways, fueling the amplification of the complement response, exerting direct
effector functions, and helping to coordinate downstream immune responses. In
recent years, it has become evident that nature engages the power of C3 not only
to clear pathogens but also for a variety of homeostatic processes ranging from
tissue regeneration and synapse pruning to clearing debris and controlling tumor
cell progression. At the same time, its central position in immune surveillance
makes C3 a target for microbial immune evasion and, if improperly engaged, a
trigger point for various clinical conditions. In our review, we look at the
versatile roles and evolutionary journey of C3, discuss new insights into the
molecular basis for C3 function, provide examples of disease involvement, and
summarize the emerging potential of C3 as a therapeutic target.